The bill was approved by 392 lawmakers, with three voting against and 20 abstaining.
The vote came after Poland and Britain in May signed a new defence and security treaty aimed at strengthening military cooperation and countering growing security threats across Europe.
Poland's Prime Minister Donald Tusk and then-British Prime Minister Keir Starmer signed the treaty at the Northolt military air base in London on May 27.
The agreement is intended to deepen Polish-British cooperation in defence, the defence industry and cybersecurity.
Under Polish law, treaties of this kind require ratification through a law approved by parliament and signed by the president.
The bill approved by Polish lawmakers on Friday authorises President Karol Nawrocki to ratify the treaty.
During the legislative process, opposition lawmakers raised concerns about the agreement, while generally acknowledging the importance of security cooperation with Britain.
They criticised the treaty as too broad in scope and extending beyond a typical defence agreement.
Under the treaty, Poland and Britain reaffirm their commitment to mutual defence and pledge to provide assistance, including military assistance, in the event of an armed attack on either country, in accordance with Article 5 of the NATO treaty.
They also pledge to work with other NATO allies to strengthen deterrence and defence on NATO's eastern flank.
The agreement covers a broad range of security issues. The two countries also agreed to cooperate in countering threats to internal security, including cross-border organised crime and threats to critical infrastructure, as well as illegal migration.
They also plan to exchange information on cyber threats and share experience in combating sabotage and the hostile use of artificial intelligence and drones.
The treaty also calls for protecting strategic economic sectors and developing dual-use infrastructure for civilian and military purposes.
Poland and Britain aim to deepen trade and scientific and technological cooperation.
Energy cooperation is also covered, including the energy transition, efforts to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, and the development of nuclear and renewable energy.
The treaty includes a list of 14 projects intended to implement its provisions, Polish state news agency PAP reported.
They include cooperation on advanced weapons, strengthening Europe's eastern flank in response to the threat from Russia, and countering the threat posed by drones.
Nawrocki, an ally of the opposition and a fierce critic of Tusk's centrist government, criticised the treaty when it was signed in May, saying that the president and his office should have been informed "before commitments were made on behalf of Poland."
He said he had learned about the planned agreement only through public sources.
Marcin Przydacz, head of the president's International Policy Bureau, said the treaty's text had reached the presidential office on May 26, one day before it was signed at Northolt.
The foreign ministry disputed that account, with its spokesman Maciej Wewiór saying at the time that the ministry had regularly informed the presidential office about the negotiations and the planned content of the treaty.
Tusk said ratification by Nawrocki "should be obvious" and that "there should be no hesitation" over the agreement.
The British government said in May that the agreement would pave the way for closer cooperation in developing modern weapons systems and strengthening European defence manufacturing capabilities.
That cooperation is expected to include work on new air defence systems and the joint development of "a next-generation medium-range air defence missile."
Poland and Britain also plan to expand cooperation on uncrewed military systems to reinforce NATO’s eastern flank through what London described as "next-generation land capabilities."
The treaty will enter into force 30 days after Poland and Britain notify each other that they have completed their respective domestic procedures.
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Source: IAR/PAP