He also urged people to guard against disinformation.
Speaking at the opening of the academic year at WSB University in Dąbrowa Górnicza, southern Poland, Kosiniak-Kamysz said security required preparation, not a romantic approach to war.
"I do not want to raise further generations of fallen heroes. I want every Polish soldier and every Polish citizen to be safe."
He told students to check information in several sources, warning that disinformation could "weaken communities and lead to social conflicts."
Rising tensions between Poles and Ukrainians could pose a serious threat to social stability, he said, and Russian aggression remained a danger to Poland.
"We cannot mix up who is the enemy and who is the friend," Kosiniak-Kamysz said.
Supporting Ukraine was justified on humanitarian grounds and by Poland's own security interest, but did not mean giving up the pursuit of Polish interests or a reckoning over painful episodes of history, including the Volhynia massacre, he added.
He named drones and counter-drone systems, artificial intelligence, battlefield management and long-range precision strike capability among the army's priorities, alongside conventional weapons such as tanks and howitzers.
Poland's defence minister stressed the importance of NATO and the partnership with the United States, setting out a "NATO 3.0" concept in which Europe takes greater responsibility for its own security.
He also encouraged students to take up military training.
(ał)
Source: PAP