Duda, accompanied by First Lady Agata Kornhauser-Duda, is on a two-day visit to Italy.
Earlier, he laid wreaths at the tomb of John Paul II, the late Polish-born pope who died 20 years ago next week.
During his visit, Duda also met with John Dunlap, head of the lay Catholic order of the Knights of Malta, and praised the global humanitarian organisation for its assistance to Ukraine.
Before departing for Rome, Duda said he planned to discuss defence spending among European Union countries, the war in Ukraine, and peace negotiations with Russia.
He is also scheduled to meet with Vatican Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro Parolin.
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Source: IAR, PAP