The Friday morning session was attended by Vice-President JD Vance, Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth, CIA Director John Ratcliffe and White House Chief of Staff Susie Wiles.
Trump was briefed on the state of nuclear negotiations and presented with contingency plans should talks collapse.
Sources who have spoken directly with the president say he is seriously considering a fresh wave of strikes unless a last-minute diplomatic breakthrough is reached.
By Thursday evening, he was said to be leaning more towards ordering an attack after earlier, on Tuesday, telling Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu he wanted to give diplomacy another chance.
One source close to the president said Trump had raised the idea of a final, decisive military operation after which he would declare victory and end the war.
However, no final decision is understood to have been taken.
Trump's schedule was also adjusted – he was to return to the White House from New York rather than travel to his golf club in New Jersey as originally planned.
He also announced he would not attend his son Donald Jr's wedding in the Bahamas, citing official duties.
The US-Israel war with Iran began on 28 February, with a ceasefire in place since 8 April.
A Qatari mediation delegation arrived in Tehran on Friday in an effort to broker a deal between the parties.
Axios notes that over the past six weeks, Trump has appeared on several occasions to be on the verge of resuming hostilities, only to step back each time.
(ał)
Source: PAP, Axios