Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki made the announcement at a press conference in Warsaw on Wednesday 100 days before the Olympic Games were due to start.
"We want our athletes to bring us joy and hope in Tokyo," he said.
He added: "We know perfectly well how much effort it takes for athletes to prepare for the Olympics; we know that sometimes it's years of enormous effort, training and discipline, and wasting this would of course be a big mistake."
Frontline healthcare workers were first in line to be inoculated in Poland, followed by nursing home residents.
Other priority groups for vaccination included the elderly and teachers.
The summer Olympics, postponed last year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, are scheduled to be held in the Japanese capital from July 23 to August 8.
The Polish football team will in June face Slovakia, Spain and Sweden in the group stage of this year's European championships, a tournament rescheduled from last year due to the coronavirus pandemic.
(pk/gs)
Source: PAP