The 30-year-old won a gold medal for Poland in the women's speed climbing competition at the Paris Olympics, while also setting a new world record of 6.06 seconds.
Meanwhile, track-and-field athlete Natalia Bukowiecka (née Kaczmarek), who won the bronze in the women's 400m at the Paris Games, was voted runner-up in the annual poll, which was held by Poland's leading sports newspaper Przegląd Sportowy and private television broadcaster Polsat.
Volleyball player Wilfredo Leon was ranked third as the coveted awards were announced in Warsaw on Saturday night.
Poland won silver in the Olympic men's volleyball tournament in Paris last year after losing 0-3 to France in the gold-medal match.
Tennis player Iga Świątek came in fourth, and motorcycle speedway racer Bartosz Zmarzlik finished fifth.
Speedway has a massive fan base in the country, and Zmarzlik last year clinched his fifth world championship title in the sport.
Star football player Robert Lewandowski was voted in eighth place, state news agency PAP reported.
The annual awards were handed out in Warsaw for the 90th time.
(gs)
Source: IAR, PAP, polskieradio24.pl