The pair led after the first run in Cortina d'Ampezzo, holding a 0.57-second advantage over eventual winners Giacomo Bertagnoli and Andrea Ravelli of Italy.
The Italians ultimately prevailed by 0.84 seconds, with Canada's Kalle Ericsson and Sierra Smith taking bronze, 1.60 seconds back.
It is Poland's second medal of these Games – Gołaś had earlier won bronze in the giant slalom.
Gołaś, 21, and Walas, 22, are both competing in the Paralympics for the first time.
Poland's previous Winter Paralympic medal came eight years ago, when Igor Sikorski won bronze in the giant slalom at Pyeongchang 2018 – competing in the sitting category on a monoski.
The Milan-Cortina Winter Paralympics began on March 6 and run until Sunday.
(ał)
Source: PAP