Jerzy Brzęczek's men had won all of their previous group matches, scoring 23 goals and conceding two. They also thrashed Sweden 6-0 in the teams' previous meeting away from home.
Sweden had already been eliminated from contention for a place in the European Championship finals before the match in Katowice, southern Poland.
Poland will finish their qualifying campaign away to Italy on October 5.
The nine group winners and the best runner-up will qualify directly for the European Championship. The other eight second-place teams will compete in playoffs for four additional places.
Serbia and Albania, co-hosts of next year's tournament, will complete the field.
The three highest-placed teams at the European championship will represent Europe at the 2028 Olympic soccer tournament in Los Angeles.
(gs)
Source: IAR/PAP