The Poles, who are one of the world's strongest teams, will now face defending champions Italy in the gold medal match.
Italy beat France 3-0 in the other semifinal in Rome on Thursday night.
The 2023 Men's EuroVolley championships, jointly hosted by Italy, North Macedonia, Bulgaria and Israel, run until Saturday.
The Polish team, managed by Serbian coach Nikola Grbić, is looking to win its second European title after being crowned champions in 2009.
Nikola Grbić. Photo: EPA/GEORGI LICOVSKI
The Poles won the bronze at the 2021 EuroVolley tournament.
Poland won world championship titles in 2014 and 2018 and finished runners-up last year.
Earlier this year, Grbić's men won the Volleyball Nations League.
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Source: IAR, PAP