The 27-year-old, who rides for the Visma–Lease a Bike cycling team, beat Italy's Diego Ulissi by 13 seconds overall in the seven-stage 1,050 km race.
Wilco Kelderman of the Netherlands finished third overall, 20 seconds behind Vingegaard.
The fastest Pole, Rafał Majka, placed 18th in the final standings, 2 minutes, 14 seconds behind the winner.
Rafał Majka. Photo: PAP/Grzegorz Momot
The second-fastest Pole, Piotr Pękala, finished 28th overall, 4 minutes, 54 seconds behind Vingegaard.
Poland's Norbert Banaszek was named the most active rider in the annual race, which was held for the 81st time, attracting more than 150 cyclists from 22 teams based in various countries.
Meanwhile, countryman Michał Paluta was declared the race's best climber.
Dutch rider Olav Kooij won the last, 152 km, leg of the race from Wieliczka, in Poland's southern Małopolska region, to the historic city of Kraków on Sunday.
(gs)
Source: TVP, PAP, tourdepologne.pl