Police are obliged to take away a driver's registration documents if they find a vehicle is belching out too many fumes, in breach of rules designed to protect the environment, state news agency PAP reported.
Police were also checking whether cars were roadworthy.
The drive, called Operation Smog, was the first of its kind this year.
According to a report by the World Health Organisation (WHO), out of the 50 European cities most affected by smog, 33 are in Poland.
The WHO had estimated that around 50,000 Poles die every year due to illness caused by air pollution.
Scientists estimate that between 60 and 80 percent of air pollution in big Polish cities comes from road transport, public broadcaster Polish Radio’s IAR news agency reported last year.
(pk)
Source: PAP