The Polish world No. 1 saw off the 25-year-old Russian player 6-4, 6-1 in the fourth round at Flushing Meadows.
Świątek will now face home favourite Jessica Pegula for a place in the semifinals at the last Grand Slam tournament of the year.
Świątek, a former US Open champion, is aiming for her sixth Grand Slam singles title this year in New York.
She is the last Pole still standing in this year's tournament.
The 2024 US Open runs until Sunday.
(gs)
Source: Eurosport, PAP