The only goal was scored by the home team in the 18th minute of the 50-minute match, Polish state news agency PAP reported.
Poland's Anna Raniewicz missed an opportunity to level the score when she hit the post later in the game, it said.
The tournament in Barranquilla, Colombia, runs until November 11, with Poland aiming to bounce back in their next group-stage match against Brazil.
Founded in April 2022 as Europe’s first national women’s amputee football team, the Polish squad is co-coached by Marcin Oleksy, winner of the 2022 FIFA Goal of the Year award.
The Poles celebrated their first international victory in September last year, defeating the United States 1-0.
In the lead-up to the World Cup, Poland also secured two wins against England at the Amp Futbol Cup event in Warsaw.
(gs)
Source: IAR, PAP